7 Proven Steps on How to Become a Registered Nurse (RN): The Ultimate Career Guide
How to Become a Registered Nurse (RN) in the U.S.
How to Become a Registered Nurse (RN) in the U.S.
If you’re serious about how to become a registered nurse, the first step is understanding the education paths that lead to RN licensure. In the U.S., becoming a registered nurse involves completing a state-approved nursing program and passing the NCLEX-RN exam. But the route you take depends on your background, career goals, and how quickly you want to enter the nursing workforce.
If you’re wondering how to become a registered nurse, you’re not alone. With high demand, strong salaries, and the ability to make a real impact, becoming a registered nurse (RN) is one of the most fulfilling and stable career paths in the healthcare industry. Whether you’re a student planning your future, a career changer looking for a new path, or even an internationally educated nurse, this step-by-step guide will walk you through everything you need to know.
In this comprehensive breakdown, you’ll discover how to become a registered nurse in the United States — including what RNs do, required education, how to pass the NCLEX-RN exam, how long the process takes, expected costs, and what kind of salary and job growth you can expect. You’ll also learn about the different types of nursing career paths, various work settings, and tips for foreign-trained nurses seeking RN licensure in the U.S.
What Is a Registered Nurse (RN)?
Before we dive into how to become a registered nurse, it’s important to understand what the role involves. A registered nurse (RN) is a licensed healthcare professional who provides direct patient care, coordinates treatment plans, and offers guidance to patients and their families. RNs work closely with physicians and other medical professionals across hospitals, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, schools, and community health settings.
To qualify, an RN must complete a nursing program—typically an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)—and pass the NCLEX-RN licensing exam.
Core Responsibilities of a Registered Nurse Include:
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Patient assessment: Monitoring symptoms, reviewing medical histories, and evaluating patient needs.
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Administering care: Giving medications, managing IVs, changing dressings, and assisting with procedures.
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Creating care plans: Collaborating with doctors and other nurses to develop and adapt patient care strategies.
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Patient education: Teaching individuals and families how to manage illnesses, treatments, and recovery at home.
What Do Registered Nurses Do? Exploring RN Roles & Work Environments
If you’re learning how to become a registered nurse, it’s essential to understand what RNs actually do on a daily basis. At their core, registered nurses are compassionate caregivers and strong advocates for patient health. They ensure that patients receive appropriate, safe, and personalized care while also helping individuals and families understand their medical conditions and treatment plans.
In addition to providing clinical care, registered nurses offer emotional support during difficult times, bridging the gap between patients and the rest of the healthcare team. This blend of clinical skill and human connection is why nursing is consistently ranked as the most trusted profession in America, according to the annual Gallup Poll.
Where Do Registered Nurses Work?
As you explore how to become a registered nurse, it’s also important to consider the wide variety of workplaces where nurses can thrive. While 58% of RNs are employed in hospitals, there are many diverse settings where registered nurses can build fulfilling careers. Your chosen environment may shape your responsibilities, shift schedule, and even the type of patients you care for.
Here’s a quick breakdown of RN roles across different healthcare settings:
| RN Role / Setting | Key Responsibilities & Work Environment |
|---|---|
| Hospital Staff Nurse | Delivers acute care in departments like medical-surgical, ICU, ER, maternity, or OR. Works rotating shifts, including nights and weekends. |
| Clinic or Physician’s Office Nurse | Assists with routine checkups, vaccines, and patient education in outpatient settings. Typically works daytime, weekday hours. |
| Public Health / Community Nurse | Promotes wellness and disease prevention in schools, public health departments, or local clinics. Involved in health education and immunization drives. |
| Long-Term Care Nurse | Cares for elderly or chronically ill patients in nursing homes or assisted living. Oversees ongoing care plans and supervises nursing aides. |
| Home Health Nurse | Provides individualized care in patients’ homes—such as wound care, post-operative support, and chronic disease management. Works independently and coordinates remotely. |
| School Nurse | Supports student health, manages medications, handles emergencies, and promotes wellness in school settings. Usually follows the academic calendar. |
| Travel Nurse | Accepts short-term contracts (8–13 weeks) across hospitals nationwide. Offers higher pay, flexibility, and the chance to explore new locations. |
| Other RN Specialties | Includes roles in critical care, pediatrics, labor and delivery, oncology, case management, research, informatics, and more. Specialties vary in duties but require RN licensure. |
Why RN Career Flexibility Matters
As you continue researching how to become a registered nurse, remember that one of the most appealing aspects of this career is flexibility. Whether you thrive in the fast-paced environment of an ICU, prefer the stability of clinic hours, or enjoy the independence of home health visits, there’s a path for you.
Many registered nurses also evolve into leadership or advanced practice roles—such as nurse educators, nurse managers, nurse practitioners (NPs), or clinical nurse specialists. These options offer higher salary potential and specialized impact, often requiring additional education and certification.
How to Become a Registered Nurse in the U.S.
If you’re serious about how to become a registered nurse, the first step is understanding the education paths that lead to RN licensure. In the U.S., becoming a registered nurse involves completing a state-approved nursing program and passing the NCLEX-RN exam. But the route you take depends on your background, career goals, and how quickly you want to enter the nursing workforce.
Below, we break down the most common educational options to help you choose the best pathway to become a registered nurse in today’s competitive healthcare industry.
1. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
The ADN is a popular and cost-effective route if you’re looking for how to become a registered nurse quickly. Typically completed in about two years at a community college, an ADN program emphasizes hands-on clinical training and core nursing skills. Graduates are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN and begin working in entry-level RN positions. Many nurses who start with an ADN later enroll in RN-to-BSN bridge programs to expand their qualifications.
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Duration: ~2 years
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Best for: Fast, affordable entry into nursing
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Outcome: Eligible for NCLEX-RN; ideal for students who want to start working soon and continue their education later
2. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
When researching how to become a registered nurse, you’ll often see the BSN listed as the preferred route. A BSN is a four-year undergraduate degree that includes a broader curriculum—covering leadership, research, and community health—alongside core clinical training. Many hospitals and healthcare employers now require or prefer BSN-prepared nurses for new hires and leadership tracks.
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Duration: ~4 years
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Best for: Long-term career advancement, leadership, or working in Magnet hospitals
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Outcome: NCLEX-RN eligibility; preferred for many RN roles with strong upward mobility
3. Hospital-Based Nursing Diploma
Though less common today, some hospitals still offer diploma programs—historically one of the original ways of becoming a registered nurse. These programs take about 2 to 3 years and focus heavily on bedside clinical training. Graduates are also eligible for the NCLEX-RN. However, many diploma-educated RNs eventually transition to ADN or BSN programs to gain academic credentials.
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Duration: 2 to 3 years
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Best for: Students seeking intensive hands-on experience and local hospital training
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Outcome: Eligible for NCLEX-RN; limited academic credit for further degrees
4. Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (ABSN)
Already have a non-nursing bachelor’s degree and wondering how to become a registered nurse fast? The ABSN may be for you. This full-time, fast-track program compresses the nursing curriculum into 12 to 18 months, allowing career changers to earn a BSN and sit for the NCLEX-RN.
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Duration: 12–18 months
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Best for: Second-career students with a bachelor’s in another field
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Outcome: NCLEX-RN eligibility; same credentials and career prospects as a traditional BSN
5. Direct-Entry MSN (Master of Science in Nursing)
Another alternative for career changers is a Direct-Entry MSN program. These programs combine foundational RN coursework with advanced graduate-level nursing education. Students graduate with both RN licensure and a Master’s in Nursing, often qualifying for specialized or leadership roles early in their careers.
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Duration: 2 to 3 years
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Best for: Professionals seeking both an RN license and advanced degree in one step
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Outcome: NCLEX-RN eligibility + MSN degree; positions graduates for future APRN roles or leadership
Quick Comparison Table: U.S. Education Paths to Become a Registered Nurse
| Pathway | Length | Focus | Best For | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADN | ~2 years | Core nursing skills, clinicals | Quick, affordable RN entry | NCLEX-RN eligibility, RN licensure |
| BSN | ~4 years | Broad nursing theory, leadership, research | Long-term growth, hospital careers | NCLEX-RN eligibility, high-demand roles |
| Diploma | 2–3 years | Bedside-focused, hospital-based clinicals | Local hospital training, traditional route | NCLEX-RN eligibility |
| Accelerated BSN (ABSN) | 12–18 months | Condensed BSN for degree holders | Career changers seeking RN licensure fast | NCLEX-RN eligibility |
| Direct-Entry MSN | 2–3 years | RN + Master’s level coursework | Advanced start for professionals from other fields | NCLEX-RN + MSN credential |
Choosing the Right Path: Key Considerations
No matter which route you take, all RN candidates must:
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Complete an accredited program (look for ACEN or CCNE approval)
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Apply for licensure through their state board of nursing
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Pass the NCLEX-RN exam to officially become a registered nurse
If you’re starting with an ADN or diploma, don’t worry—you can still upgrade to a BSN later via flexible RN-to-BSN bridge programs. Many employers even offer tuition reimbursement to support your education while you gain clinical experience.
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Licensing & NCLEX-RN: Final Steps in How to Become a Registered Nurse
Once you’ve completed your nursing education, the final step in how to become a registered nurse is obtaining your RN license. Licensing is handled at the state level, but there are national standards that every aspiring RN must meet—including passing the NCLEX-RN exam.
Below is a step-by-step breakdown of the licensing process to help you successfully transition from nursing student to licensed registered nurse.
Step 1: Graduate from an Approved Nursing Program
To begin the licensure process, you must first complete an accredited nursing program—such as an ADN, BSN, or Direct-Entry MSN. State boards of nursing only issue RN licenses to graduates from board-approved and nationally accredited institutions.
Step 2: Apply for Licensure and Authorization to Test (ATT)
Once you’ve completed your education, the next phase in how to become a registered nurse is applying for licensure with your state’s Board of Nursing. This step involves:
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Filling out a licensure application
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Submitting your transcripts
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Completing a criminal background check
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Paying required fees
After your application is reviewed and approved, you will receive an Authorization to Test (ATT), allowing you to register for the NCLEX-RN.
Step 3: Pass the NCLEX-RN Exam
The NCLEX-RN (National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses) is the nationwide standardized exam required to officially become a registered nurse in the U.S.
This computer-adaptive test assesses whether you’re prepared to practice safely and effectively as an entry-level RN. The NCLEX covers four major areas:
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Safe and Effective Care Environment
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Health Promotion and Maintenance
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Psychosocial Integrity
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Physiological Integrity
You’ll encounter various question formats, including multiple choice, select-all-that-apply, and fill-in-the-blank. Most candidates spend 4 to 8 weeks preparing using NCLEX review materials, practice tests, and study guides.
Step 4: Receive Your RN License
Once you pass the NCLEX-RN, your state Board of Nursing will issue your Registered Nurse license, allowing you to practice legally. Congratulations—you’ve officially completed all the steps in how to become a registered nurse!
If you don’t pass the NCLEX on the first attempt, don’t worry—you can retake it. Most states require a 45-day waiting period before reapplying. Always check your specific state’s retake policies.
Step 5: Consider the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)
If you live in one of the 39 states that participate in the Nurse Licensure Compact, your RN license will be valid in all compact member states. This is especially valuable for travel nurses or anyone relocating for work. For nurses in non-compact states, a license endorsement is required to practice elsewhere (no re-exam needed, but paperwork and fees apply).
How Long Does It Take to Become a Registered Nurse?
Timeframes vary based on your educational path and personal schedule. Here’s a general timeline to give you a better idea of how long it takes to become a registered nurse from enrollment to licensure:
| Educational Path | Program Duration (Full-Time) | Prerequisites / Factors | Estimated Time to RN License |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADN (Associate Degree) | ≈ 2 years | May need extra prereqs (add ~6–12 months) | ≈ 2.5–3 years |
| BSN (Traditional) | ≈ 4 years | Prior college credits can reduce time | ≈ 4–5 years |
| Accelerated BSN | 12–18 months | Must have a non-nursing bachelor’s degree | ≈ 1.5–2 years |
| Direct-Entry MSN | 24–36 months (year-round) | Non-nursing bachelor’s required | ≈ 2.5–3.5 years |
| LPN-to-RN Bridge | 12–24 months | Builds on LPN experience | ≈ 1.5–2.5 years |
Keep in mind that after completing your program, you’ll need time to prepare for the NCLEX-RN and complete licensure processing. Most new graduates take 1–2 months to study and complete all necessary documentation before receiving their license.
How to Become a Registered Nurse: Time & Cost Breakdown
If you’re planning your journey on how to become a registered nurse, one of your first considerations is how long it will take—and how much it will cost. The duration depends on your chosen educational path, and the total investment includes tuition, fees, and preparation for licensure through the NCLEX-RN.
How Long Does It Take to Become a Registered Nurse?
The fastest path to becoming a registered nurse is typically the Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), which can be completed in about 2.5 to 3 years when you include NCLEX preparation. If you choose a traditional Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), expect around 4 to 5 years from start to licensure. Career changers who opt for a Direct-Entry MSN may spend 2 to 3 years in an intensive, graduate-level program.
For part-time students or those balancing work and school, the process will naturally take longer—but regardless of the route, the career that follows makes it a worthwhile investment.
Nursing School Costs in the U.S.
Understanding costs is a critical step in how to become a registered nurse. Nursing school expenses vary by program and institution. Below is a breakdown of typical costs across ADN, BSN, and Direct-Entry MSN programs.
Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
ADN programs are the most budget-friendly option for students pursuing how to become a registered nurse. These two-year programs are often offered at community colleges and can cost as little as $6,000 for in-district students.
| Institution Type | Annual Tuition | Total 2-Year Tuition | Full 2-Year Cost (inc. living) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public (in-district) | $3,598 | $7,196 | $23,906 |
| Private non-profit | $20,019 | $40,038 | $66,324 |
| Private for-profit | $16,444 | $32,888 | $49,896 |
Pro Tip: Choosing a community college can reduce your total cost of becoming a registered nurse to under $10,000, while private schools can reach $30,000–$50,000 or more.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
A BSN typically takes four years and is more expensive than an ADN. Public universities are more affordable for in-state students, but private colleges can significantly increase the total cost of how to become a registered nurse.
| Institution Type | Annual Tuition | Total 4-Year Tuition | Full 4-Year Cost (inc. living) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public (in-district) | $9,750 | $39,000 | $89,556 |
| Private non-profit | $38,421 | $153,684 | $211,392 |
| Private for-profit | $15,868 | $63,472 | $111,068 |
Examples:
University of Florida BSN: ~$25,500
University of Texas at Austin: ~$38,500
Duke Accelerated BSN: ~$79,000
University of Pennsylvania BSN: >$240,000
To save on costs, many students start with an ADN and later bridge to a BSN through RN-to-BSN programs.
Direct-Entry Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
If you’re switching careers and exploring how to become a registered nurse quickly with a graduate degree, a Direct-Entry MSN is an option. These programs last 2–3 years and are more expensive due to their graduate-level structure.
| Institution Type | Tuition Range | Cost Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Public universities | $30,000–$60,000 | Often the most affordable direct-entry MSN path |
| Private for-profit schools | $90,000–$130,000+ | Higher cost per credit (up to $1,800 per credit hour) |
Examples:
Johns Hopkins Entry Into Nursing MSN: ~$82,000
University of Rochester Direct MSN: ~$115,000
Despite the price, the shorter program length can reduce total living expenses compared to a four-year BSN.
Additional Costs to Consider
Beyond tuition, there are several other expenses on the road to becoming a registered nurse:
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Books & Supplies: $1,000–$2,000/year
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Uniforms/Scrubs & Lab Fees: ~$500–$1,000
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Stethoscope & Equipment: ~$200
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Transportation/Clinical Travel: Varies by location
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Licensing Fees:
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NCLEX-RN exam: ~$200
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State license fee: ~$75–$150
Financial Aid and Scholarships for Aspiring Registered Nurses
If you’re exploring how to become a registered nurse, the financial cost of nursing education might seem overwhelming—but there’s good news. There are multiple financial aid and scholarship options available to help ease the burden and make your journey toward becoming a registered nurse more affordable.
1. Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
One of the most common steps in how to become a registered nurse is applying for financial aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This gives you access to:
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Grants, like the Pell Grant, based on financial need
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Subsidized loans, which don’t accrue interest while you’re in school
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Unsubsidized loans, which are available regardless of financial need
Always start with FAFSA to determine what federal aid you may be eligible for.
2. Nursing Scholarships
Another major opportunity when considering how to become a registered nurse is applying for nursing-specific scholarships. These are offered by:
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Nursing schools and universities
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Professional organizations such as the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
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State and regional nursing associations
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Hospitals, nonprofits, and foundations
Even small scholarships can help cover the cost of books, scrubs, or lab fees. Apply to as many as possible to maximize your financial support.
3. Nurse Corps Scholarship Program
The Nurse Corps Scholarship Program is a competitive, federally funded opportunity designed to support students committed to working in critical shortage areas. It covers:
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Full tuition
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Required fees
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A monthly stipend
In return, students agree to work at an approved facility in an underserved region after graduation. It’s a great option if you’re passionate about service and wondering how to become a registered nurse while minimizing debt.
4. Loan Forgiveness and Repayment Programs
Once you’ve achieved your goal of becoming a registered nurse, several programs can help you pay off student loans:
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Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF): Available to nurses who work full-time for nonprofit or government healthcare facilities for 10 years
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Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program: Pays off a portion of your loan debt in exchange for working in high-need healthcare facilities
These options can dramatically reduce your long-term financial burden.
5. Employer Tuition Reimbursement
If you’re currently working in a healthcare setting or planning to after graduation, check if your employer offers tuition reimbursement. Many hospitals support employees pursuing how to become a registered nurse by covering part—or even all—of your tuition in exchange for a work commitment.
After becoming licensed, you might also receive tuition assistance to continue your education with a BSN or MSN.
6. Work-Study and Healthcare Jobs
While attending nursing school, many students take advantage of work-study programs or part-time roles such as:
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Patient care technicians (PCTs)
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Nursing assistants (CNAs)
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Hospital aides or unit clerks
These jobs provide income while also offering hands-on experience in healthcare environments—an invaluable asset when learning how to become a registered nurse.
💡 Tip: Always consult with your school’s financial aid office early. They can guide you to relevant scholarships, grants, or employer-sponsored programs specifically for nursing students.
Is Nursing School Worth the Investment?
Understanding how to become a registered nurse means not only knowing the steps but also evaluating whether the time, energy, and cost are worth the career outcome. Spoiler: they usually are.
Registered nurses in the U.S. enjoy competitive salaries, job stability, and long-term growth opportunities. Here’s a snapshot of how much RNs make once you’ve earned your license:
National RN Salary Overview
Experience Level Annual Salary Range Entry-level RN $66,000 – $78,000 Average salary $89,000 – $95,000 Top 10% earners $135,000 or more Factors that influence earnings after you become a registered nurse include:
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Years of experience
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Certifications and specialties (e.g., ICU, OR, pediatrics)
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Geographic location
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Shift differentials (nights, weekends, holidays)
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Overtime opportunities
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